Research Group Economics and Language (REAL)

About Real

The Research Group Economics and Language (REAL) was hosted from 2011 to 2019 at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in Germany.

During this period the members of REAL were:

• Bengt-Arne Wickström
• Michele Gazzola
• Torsten Templin
• Sabrina Hahm
• Cyril Brosch

Since 2020, the group has been attached to the School of Applied Social and Policy Sciences at Ulster University. Michele Gazzola is the current coordinator of the group.

After the move, the group has become an open international network of researchers interested in the economics of languages and language policy. Researchers affiliated to the REAL network can publish their contributions in the multilingual REAL-working papers series.

Research Projects

The REAL group was involved in the following research projects:

• Mobility and Inclusion in a Multilingual Europe (MIME) – 2014-2018
• Language Policy and Linguistic Justice in the European Union (LAPO) - 2011-2015
• Towards an index of linguistic justice – 2013

Past Events organised/ co-organised

2018

• Berlin 8 March : Lecture: „Esperanto in Costa Rica: Akademische Entwicklung der Internationalen Sprache“

2017

• Berlin 12-13 October : Colloquium: Language Skills for Economic and Social Inclusion
• San José 31 July – 4 August : Summer School : Linguistic Policy, Linguistic Planning and Evaluation
• London 3 July : Colloquium : Language Policy and Planning in Multilingual Organisations: Exploring Language Regimes

2015

• Berlin 02–03 March : Colloquium : Economics, Linguistic Justice and Language Policy

2013

• Venice 26-27 July : Colloquium: The Economics of Language Policy

Our Researchers

Former members

• Sabrina Hahm
• Cyril Robert Brosch

Reports and Publications

If you are interested in submitting a working paper in the REAL series, please download the guidelines.

• 2021
  • 21-2: Indicators and information system design
  • 21-1: Principi di programmazione, attuazione e valutazione di una politica linguistica
• 2020

  2020

  • 20-9 Justaj lingvorajtoj: Socia kontrakto kaj konstitucia ekonomiko
  • 20-8 La rémunération des attributs linguistiques au Québec : résultats pour 2015 et évolution depuis 1970
  • 20-7 : Costs and benefits of language policy: how to measure them
  • 20-6 : Modeling the evolution of Friulian in Friuli Venezia Giulia
  • 20-5 : Official recognition of minority languages and linguistic justice: An indicator based on welfare economics
  • 20-4 : Analyse économique des politiques linguistiques au Québec
  • 20-3: On the political economy of minority rights. Three ways to manipulate a minority: goals, rules, and border poles
  • 20-2: The percentage rule for minority language rights: Irrelevant and discriminatory
  • 20-1: Towards an index of linguistic justice
• 2019

  2019

  • 19-7: Foreign Language skills and employment status: Evidence from Germany, Italy and Spain
  • 19-6: Effectiveness of policy measures and language dynamics
  • 19-5: The economics of language policy and planning
  • 19-4: Language-competition models
  • 19-3: Optimal language policy for the vitality of minority languages
  • 19-2: Determining the size of jurisdictions for implementing language rights
  • 19-1: Dynamics, costs, and the survival of minorities: Optimal language policies for increasing the vitality of minority languages
• 2018

  2018

  • 18-8: Should the government slow down the decline of minority communities?
    [MIME Vademecum]
  • 18-7: Do costs matter in language policy?
    [MIME Vademecum]
  • 18-6: Can the 'free market' manage language diversity?
    [MIME Vademecum]
  • 18-5: How important is demolinguistic concentration for the survival of minority languages in a world of increasing mobility?
    [MIME Vademecum]
  • 18-4: How does foreign language teaching influence the costs of migration?
    [MIME Vademecum]
  • 18-3: Sind Fremdsprachenkenntnisse mit dem Einkommen und der Beschäftigung verbunden? Empirische Evidenz aus Deutschland und aus der Welt
  • 18-2: Interethnic relations, informal trading networks, and social integration : Imitation, habits, and social evolution
  • 18-1: A language competition model for new minorities
• 2017

  2017

  • 17-3: Le plurilinguisme européen après le Brexit: Quels effets sur la participation démocratique et la mobilité des citoyens européens?
  • 17-2: A cost theory of language planning and policy
  • 17-1: An economics approach to language policy and linguistic justice
• 2016

  2016

  • 16-6: Lingvopolitiko kaj kostoj
  • 16-5: Lingva justeco: Optimumaj minoritataj rajtoj kaj ilia realigo
  • 16-4: EU language policy and English
  • 16-3: Economic research on English in Europe
  • 16-2: Modelling language competition for new minorities
  • 16-1: English-only language policy: The road to provincialism?
• 2015

  2015

  • 15-7: Language rights: Efficiency, justice, implementation
  • 15-6: Economics of language policy: Introduction
  • 15-5: Il valore economico delle lingue
  • 15-4: Evaluating Language Policy and Planning: An Introduction to the Economic Approach
  • 15-3: Optimal language policy for the preservation of a minority language
  • 15-2: A concise bibliography of language economics
  • 15-1: Language rights: A welfare economics approach
• 2014

  2014

  • 14-1: Nachhaltiges Überleben von Minderheitensprachen: eine Übersicht einiger Modelle